Confirming Fair-Minded Judges

At the federal appeals court level, California is part of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Alaska, Arkansas, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington. Any ruling by the Ninth Circuit becomes law in all of them. 

At the federal district court level, California is divided into 4 districts: Central, Eastern, Northern, & Southern. 

At the federal appeals court level, Colorado is part of the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Utah, and Wyoming. Any ruling by that court becomes law in all of them. 

At the federal district court level, Colorado is all one district. 

At the federal appeals court level, Connecticut is part of the Second Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers New York and Vermont. Any ruling by that court becomes law in all of them. 

At the federal district court level, Connecticut is all one district. 

The D.C. Circuit is an extremely important and powerful court which often hears appeals of health and safety protections adopted by federal agencies. 

At the federal district court level, D.C. also has a district court.

At the federal appeals court level, Delaware is part of the Third Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Any ruling by that court becomes law in all three states. 

At the federal district court level, Delaware is all one district.

Florida is part of the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Georgia and Alabama. Any ruling by that court becomes law in all three states. 

At the federal district court level, Florida is divided into three districts: Northern, Southern, and Middle. 

Georgia is part of the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Florida and Alabama. Any ruling by that court becomes law in all three states. 

At the federal district court level, Georgia is divided into three districts: Northern, Middle, and Southern.

At the federal appeals court level, Hawaii is part of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Alaska, Arizona, California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington. Any ruling by the Ninth Circuit becomes law in all of them. 

At the federal district court level, Hawaii is all one district.

At the federal appeals court level, Idaho is part of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington. Any ruling by the Ninth Circuit becomes law in all of them. 

At the federal district court level, Idaho is all one district.

At the federal appeals court level, Illinois is part of the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Indiana and Wisconsin. Any ruling by that court becomes law in all three states. 

At the federal district court level, Illinois is divided into three districts: Northern, Central, and Southern. 

At the federal appeals court level, Indiana is part of the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Illinois and Wisconsin. Any ruling by that court becomes law in all three states. 

At the federal district court level, Indiana is divided into two districts: Northern and Southern.

At the federal appeals court level, Iowa is part of the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Arkansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota. Any ruling by the Eighth Circuit becomes law in all of them. 

At the federal district court level, Iowa is divided into two districts: Northern and Southern.

At the federal appeals court level, Kansas is part of the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Colorado, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Utah, and Wyoming. Any ruling by that court becomes law in all of them. 

At the federal district court level, Kansas is all one district.

At the federal appeals court level, Kentucky is part of the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Michigan, Ohio, and Tennessee.  Any ruling by the Sixth Circuit becomes law in all of them. 

At the federal district court level, Kentucky is divided into two districts:  Eastern and Western.

At the federal appeals court level, Louisiana is part of the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Mississippi and Texas.  Any ruling by the Fifth Circuit becomes law in all of them. 

At the federal district court level, Louisiana is divided into three districts: Eastern, Middle, and Western.

At the federal appeals court level, Maine is part of the First Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Puerto Rico, and Rhode Island.  Any ruling by the First Circuit becomes law in all of them. 

At the federal district court level, Maine is all one district.

At the federal appeals court level, Maryland is part of the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia.  Any ruling by the Fourth Circuit becomes law in all of them.

At the federal district court level, Maryland is all one district.

At the federal appeals court level, Massachusetts is part of the First Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Maine, New Hampshire, Puerto Rico, and Rhode Island.  Any ruling by the First Circuit becomes law in all of them.  

At the federal district court level, Massachusetts is all one district.

At the federal appeals court level, Michigan is part of the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Kentucky, Ohio, and Tennessee.  Any ruling by the Sixth Circuit becomes law in all of them. 

At the federal district court level, Michigan is divided into two districts: Eastern and Western.

At the federal appeals court level, Minnesota is part of the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Arkansas, Iowa, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota. Any ruling by the Eighth Circuit becomes law in all of them. 

At the federal district court level, Minnesota is all one district.

At the federal appeals court level, Mississippi is part of the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Louisiana and Texas.  Any ruling by the Fifth Circuit becomes law in all of them.

At the federal district court level, Mississippi is divided into two districts: Northern and Southern.

At the federal appeals court level, Missouri is part of the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Arkansas, Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota. Any ruling by the Eighth Circuit becomes law in all of them.

At the federal district court level, Missouri is divided into two districts: Eastern and Western

At the federal appeals court level, Montana is part of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington. Any ruling by the Ninth Circuit becomes law in all of them. 

At the federal district court level, Montana is all one district.

At the federal appeals court level, Nebraska is part of the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Arkansas, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, and South Dakota. Any ruling by the Eighth Circuit becomes law in all of them. 

At the federal district court level, Nebraska is all one district.

At the federal appeals court level, Nevada is part of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington. Any ruling by the Ninth Circuit becomes law in all of them. 

At the federal district court level, Nevada is all one district.

At the federal appeals court level, New Hampshire is part of the First Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Maine, Massachusetts, Puerto Rico, and Rhode Island.  Any ruling by the First Circuit becomes law in all of them. 

At the federal district court level, New Hampshire is all one district.

At the federal appeals court level, New Jersey is part of the Third Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Delaware and Pennsylvania. Any ruling by that court becomes law in all three states. 

At the federal district court level, New Jersey is all one district.

At the federal appeals court level, New Mexico is part of the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, Utah, and Wyoming. Any ruling by that court becomes law in all of them. 

At the federal district court level, New Mexico is all one district.

At the federal appeals court level, North Carolina is part of the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Maryland, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia. Any ruling by the Fourth Circuit becomes law in all of them. 

At the federal district court level, North Carolina is divided into three districts: Eastern, Middle, and Western. 

At the federal appeals court level, North Dakota is part of the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Arkansas, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, and South Dakota. Any ruling by the Eighth Circuit becomes law in all of them. 

At the federal district court level, North Dakota is all one district.

At the federal appeals court level, Ohio is part of the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Kentucky, Michigan, and Tennessee.  Any ruling by the Sixth Circuit becomes law in all of them. 

At the federal district court level, Ohio is divided into two districts: Northern and Southern.

At the federal appeals court level, Oklahoma is part of the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming. Any ruling by that court becomes law in all of them. 

At the federal district court level, Oklahoma is divided into three districts: Northern, Eastern, and Western. 

At the federal appeals court level, Oregon is part of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, and Washington. Any ruling by the Ninth Circuit becomes law in all of them. 

At the federal district court level, Oregon is all one district.

At the federal appeals court level, Pennsylvania is part of the Third Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Delaware and New Jersey. Any ruling by that court becomes law in all three states. 

At the federal district court level, Pennsylvania is divided into three districts: Eastern, Middle, and Western.

At the federal appeals court level, Rhode Island is part of the First Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Puerto Rico.  Any ruling by the First Circuit becomes law in all of them. 

At the federal district court level, Rhode Island is all one district.

At the federal appeals court level, South Carolina is part of the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Maryland, North Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia.  Any ruling by the Fourth Circuit becomes law in all of them. 

At the federal district court level, South Carolina is all one district.

At the federal appeals court level, South Dakota is part of the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Arkansas, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, and North Dakota. Any ruling by the Eighth Circuit becomes law in all of them. 

At the federal district court level, South Dakota is all one district.

At the federal appeals court level, Tennessee is part of the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Kentucky, Michigan, and Ohio.  Any ruling by the Sixth Circuit becomes law in all of them. 

At the federal district court level, Tennessee is divided into three districts: Eastern, Middle, and Western.

At the federal appeals court level, Texas is part of the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Louisiana and Mississippi.  Any ruling by the Fifth Circuit becomes law in all of them. 

At the federal district court level, Texas is divided into four districts: Northern, Southern, Eastern, and Western.

At the federal appeals court level, Utah is part of the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Wyoming. Any ruling by that court becomes law in all of them. 

At the federal district court level, Utah is all one district.

At the federal appeals court level, Vermont is part of the Second Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Connecticut and New York. Any ruling by that court becomes law in all of them. 

At the federal district court level, Vermont is all one district.

At the federal appeals court level, Virginia is part of the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, and West Virginia.  Any ruling by the Fourth Circuit becomes law in all of them. 

At the federal district court level, Virginia is divided into two districts: Eastern and Western.

At the federal appeals court level, Washington is part of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, and Oregon. Any ruling by the Ninth Circuit becomes law in all of them. 

At the federal district court level, Washington is divided into two districts: Eastern and Western.

At the federal appeals court level, West Virginia is part of the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia.  Any ruling by the Fourth Circuit becomes law in all of them. 

At the federal district court level, West Virginia is divided into two districts: Northern and Southern.

At the federal appeals court level, Wisconsin is part of the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Illinois and Indiana. Any ruling by that court becomes law in all three states. 

At the federal district court level, Wisconsin is divided into two districts: Eastern and Western.

At the federal appeals court level, Wyoming is part of the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Utah. Any ruling by that court becomes law in all of them. 

At the federal district court level, Wyoming is all one district.